[ URL      ] : https://notes.fr/2024/01/06/Stockage-Ajout-de-partitions/
[ CATEGORY ] : /Stockage/Administration
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[ AUTHOR   ] : 4L1N3

Stockage - Ajout de partitions

Pour patitionner un volume, on peut utiliser parted ou fdisk. À moins d’être expert·e parted il vaut mieux utiliser fdisk car les modifications restent en RAM avant la modification finale, alors que pour parted tout se valide au fur et à mesure et peut être compliqué en cas d’erreur.

Partitionner un volume

On veut partitionner un volume vdb.

Affichage des informations sur les volumes

Listing des volumes disponibles :

# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
vda    252:0    0   10G  0 disk 
├─vda1 252:1    0    1M  0 part 
├─vda2 252:2    0  200M  0 part /boot/efi
├─vda3 252:3    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─vda4 252:4    0  9.3G  0 part /
vdb    252:16   0    5G  0 disk 
vdc    252:32   0    5G  0 disk 
vdd    252:48   0    5G  0 disk

Les disques sans partition sont :

vdb    252:16   0    5G  0 disk 
vdc    252:32   0    5G  0 disk 
vdd    252:48   0    5G  0 disk

Partitionnement avec fsdik

On partionne avec fdisk en pointant le volume à partitionner :

# fdisk /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.4).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5d70e9a4.

Touche m pour l’aide :

Command (m for help): m

Help:

  DOS (MBR)
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit nested BSD disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

  Generic
   d   delete a partition
   F   list free unpartitioned space
   l   list known partition types
   n   add a new partition
   p   print the partition table
   t   change a partition type
   v   verify the partition table
   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu
   u   change display/entry units
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table

Créer une partition GPT vide :

Command (m for help): g
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 518EB602-8B77-8242-B465-ED249D302C4B).

Ajouter une partition :

  • First sector: 2048 : Pour garder 1Mo de debut de disque
  • Last sector: +1G : Important le +1G, sinon il va croire que c’est un SECTEUR
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-10485726, default 2048): 2048                                    
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-10485726, default 10485726): +1G

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 1 GiB.

Afficher la table des partitions :

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 5 GiB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 518EB602-8B77-8242-B465-ED249D302C4B

Device     Start     End Sectors Size Type
/dev/vdb1   2048 2099199 2097152   1G Linux filesystem

Valider la configuration :

Command (m for help): w

Vérification :

# lsblk -fp
NAME        FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
/dev/vda                                                                           
├─/dev/vda1                                                                        
├─/dev/vda2 vfat   FAT16       7B77-95E7                             192.8M     3% /boot/efi
├─/dev/vda3 xfs          boot  5e75a2b9-1367-4cc8-bb38-4d6abc3964b8  334.7M    32% /boot
└─/dev/vda4 xfs          root  fb535add-9799-4a27-b8bc-e8259f39a767    7.6G    18% /
/dev/vdb                                                                           
└─/dev/vdb2                                                                        
/dev/vdc                                                                           
/dev/vdd

Partitionnement avec fsdik (complet)

# fdisk /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.4).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5d70e9a4.

Command (m for help): m

Help:

  DOS (MBR)
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit nested BSD disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

  Generic
   d   delete a partition
   F   list free unpartitioned space
   l   list known partition types
   n   add a new partition
   p   print the partition table
   t   change a partition type
   v   verify the partition table
   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu
   u   change display/entry units
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table

Command (m for help): g
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 518EB602-8B77-8242-B465-ED249D302C4B).

Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-10485726, default 2048): 2048                                        // Pour garder 1Mo de debut de disque
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-10485726, default 10485726): +1G    // Important le +1G, sinon il va croire que c'est un SECTEUR

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 1 GiB. 

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 5 GiB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 518EB602-8B77-8242-B465-ED249D302C4B

Device     Start     End Sectors Size Type
/dev/vdb1   2048 2099199 2097152   1G Linux filesystem

Command (m for help): w         // W = pour ECRIRE la config

Vérification :

# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
vda    252:0    0   10G  0 disk 
├─vda1 252:1    0    1M  0 part 
├─vda2 252:2    0  200M  0 part /boot/efi
├─vda3 252:3    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─vda4 252:4    0  9.3G  0 part /
vdb    252:16   0    5G  0 disk 
└─vdb2 252:18   0    1G  0 part 
vdc    252:32   0    5G  0 disk 
vdd    252:48   0    5G  0 disk 

# lsblk -fp
NAME        FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
/dev/vda                                                                           
├─/dev/vda1                                                                        
├─/dev/vda2 vfat   FAT16       7B77-95E7                             192.8M     3% /boot/efi
├─/dev/vda3 xfs          boot  5e75a2b9-1367-4cc8-bb38-4d6abc3964b8  334.7M    32% /boot
└─/dev/vda4 xfs          root  fb535add-9799-4a27-b8bc-e8259f39a767    7.6G    18% /
/dev/vdb                                                                           
└─/dev/vdb2                                                                        
/dev/vdc                                                                           
/dev/vdd

/!\ Résumé des commandes

Commandes :

# lsblk     // Affiche les informations des volumes
# lsblk -fp // Affiche les informations détaillées des volumes
# lsblk -fs // Idem mais affichage différent

# fdisk     // Partitionner un volume, lire les instructions de l'aide

Documentation

MAN lsblk
MAN fdisk

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